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Financing Opportunity

How Financial Markets Have Fueled American Prosperity for More than Two Centuries

Financing Opportunity explains that robust financial markets have always been prominent in America, and why they remain so beneficial today.

• Published By Cato Institute

The United States has had robust financial markets practically from the date the nation was founded. Within several years of ratifying the Constitution, the depth and breadth of America’s banking and securities markets rivaled those of any other developed nation. And that’s a good thing.

America’s financial system is inseparable from America’s enormous growth, productivity, and prosperity. And while it’s become popular to lay a host of ills at the feet of financial markets, markets are not themselves the cause of financial instability, income stagnation, or declining investment in productive endeavors. While our system is not perfect, many people would likely be shocked to learn just how many financial market deficiencies have been caused by harmful government policies.

By providing historical context and a thorough yet easily accessible explanation of US financial markets, authors Norbert Michel and Jennifer Schulp provide a much-needed counterpoint to current debates and criticisms. Financing Opportunity not only busts many popular myths about financial markets but also proposes ways to improve how our financial markets function. With financial markets and American opportunity so closely tied, financial policy is vital to supporting growth, productivity, and prosperity.

Praise for the book

“In this valuable work, Michel and Schulp provide a necessary corrective to the anti-financial hysteria of many on the left and right today. As they show, finance has been an essential part of the American economy from its beginning and is an important reason for the nation’s prosperity. By providing an overview of many aspects of historical and contemporary finance, this book will reward both financial novices and experts alike.”
—Judge Glock, director of research and senior fellow, Manhattan Institute, and contributing editor, City Journal

“It is unfortunate that a book explaining the history and criticality of robust financial markets to US prosperity is even necessary, but given recent progressive and populist attacks upon them, it is. Fortunately, this accomplished professional duo has risen to the moment to produce an excellent, well-researched, and easily readable work on the topic. Norbert’s and Jen’s book methodically and devastatingly refutes the all-too-often fact free myths and faulty class-based narratives proffered by those who would entrust the state with credit allocation.”
—Rep. Jeb Hensarling, former chairman, House Financial Services Committee

“This book is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand how America’s financial markets have fueled our unmatched economic growth and prosperity. Norbert Michel and Jennifer Schulp dispel common myths and defend off-the-mark criticisms of financial markets by drawing on historical data and rigorous academic research. This highly readable book gives specific examples of financial regulations’ unintended negative consequences and offers thoughtful core principles and recommendations for a better approach.”
—Michael Piwowar, former commissioner of the US Securities and Exchange Commission

“Perennial false narratives from the American left hold that our financial markets are under-regulated casinos and that they drain capital from the productive sectors of our economy. Norbert Michel and Jennifer Schulp effectively refute both notions. They show that despite excessive and often misguided regulation, the depth and sophistication of our public and private financial markets help drive American growth and contribute to our global economic leadership.”
—Sen. Pat Toomey, former ranking member of the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

“Norbert Michel and Jennifer Schulp have written a vigorous and timely defense of the importance of vibrant financial markets to the past and future success of the American economy. With clear and lively arguments, they directly challenge the notion that deregulation caused in the 2008 financial crisis and contend that regulation based on market discipline—rather than conferring more authority on regulations—will improve the stability of the financial system and preserve Americans’ ability to make their own financial decisions. This volume will be invaluable to anyone seeking to understand the current debates about the future financial regulation.”
—Andrew Olmem, former deputy director, White House National Economic Council

About the authors

Norbert J. Michel is vice president and director of the Cato Institute’s Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives, where he specializes in issues pertaining to financial markets and monetary policy. Michel is the author of Why Shadow Banking Didn’t Cause the Financial Crisis: And Why Regulating Contagion Won’t Help.

Jennifer J. Schulp is the director of financial regulation studies at the Cato Institute’s Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives, where she focuses on the regulation of securities and capital markets. She has testified before Congress multiple times, including before the US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the US House Committee on Financial Services.